Omoma: MhliwnhV CristoV

Dieuqunsh: Nikolakopoulou 4

11525 Aqhna

Thlefwno: 6741619

PRWTH GRAPTH ERGASIA

1. Epishmanete kai analusete tiV omoiothteV kai tiV diaforeV enoV tritobaqmiou idrumatoV anoikthV kai ex apostasewV ekpaideushV opwV einai to EAP se scesh me kapoio allo Ellhniko tritobaqmio ekpaideutiko idruma.

2. Prosdioriste kai anaptuxte ekpaideutikeV anagkeV tou cwrou ergasiaV saV h thV eidikothtaV saV, oi opoieV den kaluptontai h kaluptontai ellipwV me touV paradosiakouV tropouV ekpaideushV kai diereunhste pwV auteV oi anagkeV mporoun na kalufqoun apo ena idruma anoikthV kai ex apostasewV ekpaideushV.

O problhmatismoV pou anaptussetai sthn ergasia auth ecei diplo axona. Sto prwto meroV h prosoch maV estiazetai sto cwro thV anwtathV ekpaideushV me stoco ton entopismo kai th metaxu touV sugkrish twn drasthriothtwn pou anaptussoun ston ellhniko cwro ta paradosiaka AEI kai to anoikto panepisthmio (EAP), prokeimenou na uphrethsoun thn ekpaideutikh touV apostolh. EntopizontaV omoiothteV kai diaforeV, h sugkrish epidiwkei na epishmanei orismena problhmata pou antimetwpizei kaqe tupoV panepisthmiou, omwV, sto sunolo thV, den einai axiologikh.

Sto deutero meroV thV ergasiaV, maV apascolei h anagnwrish twn ekpaideutikwn anagkwn enoV sugkekrimenou ergasiakou cwrou. Ean kapoieV apo tiV anagkeV auteV den mporoun na kalufqoun me eparkeia apo touV paradosiakouV tropouV ekpaideushV, exetazetai to erwthma me poio tropo kai me poieV sugkekrimeneV proupoqeseiV mporoun na kalujqoun ikanopoihtika apo ena qesmo anoikthV kai ex apostasewV akpaideushV.

Sthn ergasia auth crhsimopoieitai plhroforiako uliko apo to ergo twn D. Bergidh k.a. Anoicth kai ex apostasewV ekpaideush, Qesmoi kai leitourgieV, tomoV A, Ellhniko Anoikto Panepisthmio, Patra 1998 kai apo to arqro tou A. Lionarakh, Ex apostasewV kai sumbatikh ekpaideush: sugklinouseV h apoklinouseV dunameiV; O problhmatismoV pou anaptussetai sto deutero meroV sthrizetai se proswpikeV empeirieV kai skeyeiV.

H anaptuxh diaforwn morfwn anoikthV kai ex apostasewV ekpaideushV ercetai san apanthsh se problhmata pou tiqentai stiV sugcroneV koinwnieV apo thn oikonomikh kai koinwnikh exelixh.

Susthmata anoikthV kai ex apostasewV ekpaideushV sunantwntai se oleV tiV perioceV tou planhth maV. OmwV to epipedo anaptuxhV touV den einai pantou to idio oute to epipedo twn parecomenwn spoudwn. Sthn Ellada, susthmatikh prospaqeia parochV anoikthV kai ex apostasewV ekpaideushV kataballei to Ellhniko Anoikto Panepisthmio pou brisketai sth fash thV akadhmaikhV tou anaptuxhV.

BasikoV ekpaideutikoV stocoV olwn twn AEI einai h paroch tritobaqmiaV proptuciakhV kai metaptuciakhV ekpaideushV kai h prowqhsh thV episthmonikhV ereunaV. Qewroume katarchn dedomeno oti oloi oi tupoi AEI epidiwkoun gia touV foithteV touV uyhlhV staqmhV proptuciakh morfwsh kai metaptuciakhV exeidikeushV. To erwthma pou qa maV apascolhsei epomenwV einai me poieV drasthriothteV ta paradosiaka panepisthmia kai to EAP prospaqoun na feroun se peraV thn koinh touV stocoqesia. Oi drasthriothteV pou uphretoun thn ekpaideutikh diadikasia einai anamenomeno na organwnontai me diaforetikouV tropouV, efoson ta dedomena basei twn opoiwn leitourgei kaqe tupoV panepisthmiou einai diaforetika. WV tetoia antikeimenika dedomena qewroume ton cwro, ton crono, ton ruqmo parochV thV ekpaideushV kai to koino sto opoio apeuqunetai kaqe panepisthmio.

Ta sumbatika susthmata tritobaqmiaV ekpaideushV organwnoun thn paroch gnwshV, kuriwV mesw thV didaskaliaV proswpo me proswpo. O ruqmoV foithshV einai tetoioV pou sunhqwV den epitrepei th susthmatikh askhsh epaggelmatikhV drasthriothtaV apo th pleura tou foithth. Etsi to paradosiako panepisthmio apeuqunetai antikeimenika se kapoio scetika periorismeno fasma hlikiwn. Apo thn allh meria, akribwV logw thV staqerhV parousiaV touV ston panepisthmiako cwro, oi foithteV ecoun aneth prosbash stiV biblioqhkeV kai eucereia epikoinwniaV me touV didaskonteV.

Ta paradosiaka panepisthmia epwfelountai sthn prowqhsh twn drasthriothtwn touV apo mia paradosh pollwn aiwnwn pou ephreazei olouV touV tomeiV leitourgiaV touV. Qewroume oti h paradosh parecei ena eidoV empeirikhV tecnognwsiaV se ola ta zhthmata pou ecoun scesh me tiV ekpaideutikeV drasthriothteV twn AEI kai kuriwV me thn metadosh h kataskeuh thV gnwshV. Tautocrona omwV h paradosh mporei na leitourghsei orismeneV foreV anastaltika, dhmiourgwntaV diaforeV agkulwseiV.

H anoikth ekpaideush sthrizetai sthn apoyh oti oloi oi anqrwpoi ecoun dikaiwma prosbashV sth morfwsh, dikaiwma to opoio mporoun na energopoihsoun se diaforeV faseiV thV zwhV touV. Etsi kai sto tritobaqmio epipedo h anoikth ekpaideush

-apeuqunetai se ena euru fasma hlikiwn,

-den apaitei th susthmatikh fusikh parousia tou foithth se kapoio organwmeno cwro ekpaideushV

-dinei sto foithth th dunatothta ruqmishV tou cronou kai tou ruqmou parakolouqhshV ekpaideutikwn programmatwn. KaqwV to susthma epiloghV maqhmatwn parecei th dunatothta diamorfwshV miaV exatomikeumenhV morfwtikhV fusiognwmiaV, h anoikth ekpaideush parousiazetai idiatera euelikth. Etsi ginetai prosith se polleV diaforetikeV omadeV politwn prosferontaV thn eukairia tritobaqmiaV ekpaideushV se anqrwpouV pou den mporesan na spoudasoun kai epiqumoun na to kanoun.

AV doume twra me poiouV tropouV epidiwkei to EAP na prowqhsei touV ekpaideutikouV tou stocouV. Qa exetasoume pwV leitourgei ena anoikto panepisthmio (AP) apenanti stouV foithteV kai to gnwstiko antikeimeno kai poio rolo kalountai na paixoun oi didaskonteV stiV sunqhkeV spoudwn apo apostash.

Sthn ex apostasewV ekpaideush, to AP sthrizei touV foithteV sth morfwtikh touV poreia frontizontaV gia th staqerh anatrofodothsh touV kaqolh thn diarkeia twn spoudwn touV. H anatrofodothsh auth ulopoieitai me duo kuriwV tropouV:

a) wV praktikh uposthrixh kai

b) wV hqikh enqarrunsh.

O foiththV einai gia paradeigma se megalo baqmo apallagmenoV apo thn euqunh thV aneureshV ulikou h bibliografiaV. Auta ta kaluptei to Panepisthmio pou ecei thn euqunh thV apostolhV touV ston foithth.

H enqarrunsh tou foithth sthn maqhsiakh tou poreia einai upocrewsh tou didaskonta. Etsi, enw o didaskwn einai apomakrusmenoV apo ton foithth ston cwro kai piqanon kai sto crono, prepei afenoV na einai prositoV kai afeterou apotelesmatikoV sth bohqeia tou proV ton foithth. Apaiteitai epomenwV apo ton didaskonta, ektoV apo thn katoch tou gnwstikou antikeimenou kai eparkhV paidagwgikh katartish. Auth qa tou epitreyei oci mono na axiologhsei statika ton foithth alla kai na ton kaqodhghsei me tropo sugkekrimeno sta bhmata pou prepei na kanei. An epomenwV o kaloV daskaloV einai anagkaioV se ola ta epipeda kai tiV morfeV ekpaideushV, o roloV tou ston sugkekrimeno tupo ekpaideushV, oci mono den upobaqmizetai apo thn apousia susthmatikhV proswpo me proswpo didaskaliaV, alla antiqeta apokta xecwristh shmasia.

StiV sunqhkeV ekpaideushV apo apostash, to ekpaideutiko uliko (entupo, optikoakoustiko, logismiko klp.) paizei kaqoristiko rolo kai prepei na suntassetai basei orismenhV meqodologiaV prokeimenou na uphretei thn automaqhsh. Prepei na einai eulhpto kai epexhghmatiko wste na upokaqista se kapoio baqmo ton didaskonta emplekontaV sugcronwV apotelesmatika ton foithth sth diadikasia thV maqhshV. Ta dedomena auta den apascoloun ena paradosiako panepisthmio. Ta perissotera anoikta panepisthmia anaptussoun dikouV touV mhcanismouV paragwghV ekpaideutikou ulikou, kati pou safwV ta diaforopoiei apo ta paradosiaka panepisthmia. H ekponhsh eidikou ekpaideutikou ulikou einai polu shmantikh giati h poiothta tou ulikou autou qa kaqorisei telika kai thn poiothta thV parecomenhV gnwshV. To ekpaideutiko uliko den mporei na einai ena sumphlhma apospasmatikwn gnwsewn alla na parousiazei me eparkeia kai safhneia ena gnwstiko antikeimeno. SugcronwV prepei na parakinei ton foithth sthn ereuna, na kinhtopoiei kai na proagei thn kritikh skeyh kai na ton kaqodhgei sthn crhsh genikhV h exeidikeumenhV bibliografiaV. Me bash ta carakthriastika twn foithtwn enoV AP pou anaferqhkan prohgoumenwV to uyhlhV poiothtaV ekpaideutiko uliko se sunduasmo me eparkeiV sto rolo touV kaqhghteV sumboulouV kai kalh organwtikh upodomh apoteloun shmeia - kleidia gia thn epituch anaptuxh kai anagnwrish enoV AP.

Einai gegonoV oti ston ellhniko cwro, to EAP stereitai akomh twn ekpaideutikwn paradosewn enoV sumbatikou panepisthmiou. Apo thn allh meria, to dedomeno auto to kanei pio anoicto sthn ereuna kai sthn uioqethsh sugcronwn paidagwgikwn antilhyewn kai meqodwn leitourgiaV pou einai piqano na antapokrinontai perissotero se kapoieV toulaciston apo tiV anagkeV thV epochV maV.

EcontaV apokthsei ptucio Maqhmatikwn tou Panepisthmiou thV AqhnaV to 1980, ergazomai wV MaqhmatikoV sth deuterobaqmia ekpaideush apo to 1983.

Einai koina apodekto oti o gorgoV ruqmoV exelixhV twn episthmonikwn gnwsewn dhmiourgei sobareV anagkeV epimorfwshV kai gia touV episthmoneV. OpwV sumbainei kai se allouV cwrouV opou kineitai kai ergazetai episthmoniko proswpiko, einai emfanhV kai ston ergasiako cwro twn kaqhghtwn h anagkh anabaqmishV thV katartishV touV se duo epipeda, to episthmoniko kai to paidagwgiko. H anabaqmish auth qewreitai anagkaia prokeimenou na antapokrinontai oi ekpaideutikoi me eparkeia stiV sunecwV auxanomeneV apaithseiV pou ecoun apo to sugcrono scoleio h ellhnikh koinwnia kai h politeia. Exallou, h anagkaiothta parochV thV dunatothtaV epimorfwshV, anagnwrizetai apo to ellhniko kratoV kai apotelei tautocrona pagio aithma twn ekpaideutikwn epaggelmatikwn organwsewn. Prepei iswV na qewrhqei ki auto ena deigma gia to oti metaxu twn ptucioucwn panepisthmiou h zhthsh metaptuciakhV epimorfwshV kai eidikeushV einai idiaitera auxhmenh se sugkrish me thn epiqumia peraiterw epimorfwshV apofoitwn camhloterwn ekpaideutikwn baqmidwn.

Einai epishV safeV oti gia thn euruqmh leitourgia twn scoleiwn, h epimorfwsh prepei na parecetai me tetoieV diadikasieV kai ruqmouV, wste na mh diatarassetai h parallhlh askhsh thV epaggelmatikhV drasthriothtaV.

Mecri twra ecoun kata kairouV crhsimopoihqei sto cwro thV ekpaideushV diafora montela epimorfwshV, kanena omwV apo auta den eice ta carakthristika thV anoikthV kai ex apostasewV ekpaideushV. Koino touV gnwrisma oti de diorganwnontai apo kapoio panepisthmio alla apo allouV foreiV tou Upourgeiou PaideiaV pou ecoun dhmiourghqei eidika gia to skopo auto.

Sumfwna me to schma pou akolouqeitai ta teleutaia cronia, h epimorfwsh einai proairetikh kai ginetai ektoV wrariou didaskaliaV. Parecetai sta megala astika kentra, kai filoxeneitai sunhqwV se scolikouV cwrouV (PEK). Einai trimhnhV diarkeiaV kai afora se sugkekrimena gnwstika antikeimena pou epilegei o ekpaideutikoV kata thn krish tou alla kai analoga me touV periorismouV pou tou dhmiourgei to idio to epimorfwtiko programma. To susthma auto, kaqwV apaitei thn proswpo me proswpo didaskalia den eparkei gia na kaluyei ekpaideutikouV pou briskontai se apomonwmeneV h dusprositeV perioceV.

EnaV monimoV qesmoV anoikthV kai ex apostasewV ekpaideushV qa mporouse, upo orismeneV proupoqeseiV, na sumbalei sthn kaluterh antimetwpish tou problhmatoV ek merouV thV politeiaV kai twn emplekomenwn forewn. Tetoioi foreiV qa mporouse na einai to EAP h kapoio allo panepisthmio pou qa aneptusse thn katallhlh upodomh, to Paidagwgiko Institouto pou epishV prospaqei na anaptuxei kapoia scetikh drasthriothta ta teleutaia cronia klp.

Oi proupoqeseiV pou qa eprepe na exasfalistoun gia thn epitucia enoV tetoiou qesmou, briskontai stouV parakatw axoneV:

1. Diamorfwsh apo ola ta endiaferomena merh sugkekrimenhV kai kata to dunaton koina apodekthV stocoqesiaV, pou na lambanei upoyh oci mono tiV bracuproqesmeV alla kai tiV meso - makroproqesmeV anagkeV twn ekpaideutikwn.

2. Anaptuxh eparkouV organwtikhV kai dioikhtikhV upodomhV.

3. Ekponhsh ekpaideutikou ulikou uyhlhV staqmhV katallhlou gia ekpaideush apo apostash.

4. Uposthrixh tou qesmou apo ekpaideuteV me auxhmena prosonta (eparkhV episthmonikh gnwsh tou antikeimenou, epaggelmatikh empeiria sth deuterobaqmia ekpaideush, katartish se qemata ekpaideushV enhlikwn, eidikeush sth meqodologia thV ekpaideushV apo apostash).

Me ton tropo auto mporoun na diamorfwqoun elkustika kai euelikta programmata pou na epitrepoun thn parakolouqhsh touV se ruqmo sumbato me tiV anagkeV kai tiV antikeimenikeV dunatothteVkaqe ekpaideuomenou. Einai gnwsto oti stouV enhlikeV ta carakthristika auta diaforopoiountai aisqhta analoga me tiV peristaseiV thV zwhV kaqenoV.

Sto cwro thV tritobaqmiaV ekpaideushV, h sugkrish metaxu paradosiakwn panepisthmiwn kai tou EAP deicnei oti oi diaforeV ston tropo leitourgiaV touV einai ousiastikeV kai ofeilontai sta diaforetika dedomena me bash ta opoia kineitai kaqe cwroV. Oi drasthriothteV twn anoiktwn panepisthmiwn organwnontai etsi wste na exuphretoun kai na uposthrizoun foithteV pou briskontai se apostash cwrou kai cronou apo to panepisthmio kai oi opoioi, sunhqwV, askoun parallhla kapoia epaggelmatikh drasthriothta. Auto dhmiourgei thn anagkh euelixiaV kai prosforaV megalhV poikiliaV ekpaideutikwn programmatwn me stoco na uphretountai h automaqhsh kai o atomikoV ruqmoV maqhshV. Oi parecomeneV gnwseiV prepei na kaluptoun tiV anagkeV twn foithtwn, na prosferontai me tropo elkustiko kai na einai uyhlhV poiotikhV staqmhV wste to anoikto panepisthmio na diasfalizei kai sthn praxh thn isotimia tou me ta paradosiaka.

ExetazontaV ta genika carakthristika alla kai tiV idiomorfieV enoV sugkekrimenou ergasiakou cwrou - autou thV deuterobaqmiaV ekpaideushV - egine fanero, oti h parecomenh epimorfwsh paradosiakou tupou emfanizei arketa problhmata, kuriwV wV proV thn euelixia kai to euroV twn programmatwn thV. H dhmiourgia enoV susthmatoV anoikthV kai ex apostasewV ekpaideushV qa mporouse na sumbalei sthn antimetwpish twn problhmatwn autwn, me thn proupoqesh oti o qesmoV qa apoktouse eparkh organwtikh upodomh kai qa eice uyhlhV poiotitaV carakthristika.